Ming China
Ming China CHAPTER 3
Ming China
Ming China CHAPTER 3
1
The Ming Emperor Yongle
Portrait of Ming Emperor Yongle,
early 15th century, ink and colour on suspended silk roll, 87 x 59 inches, Taipei Palace National Museum, Taiwan
Ming Yongle
  • Dates : 1402 – 1424
  • Third Emperor of the Ming Dynasty
  • He moved the capital to Beijing
  • He had the Forbidden City built
  • He organized the Zheng He expeditions
In a nutshell

After setting up his capital in Beijing, Emperor Ming Yongle built the Forbidden City there.

2
The Forbidden City
Plan of the Forbidden City

 

When he chose Beijing for his new capital, Yongle decided to build the biggest palace ever: the Forbidden City. He did not take this task lightly; everything was very carefully organized. 

 

The buildings were placed to form a rectangle over 700 metres long. First the public buildings to the South, then the private areas for the Emperor, his family and associates, to the North.

 

With hundreds of buildings, the Forbidden City offered the Emperor everything he needed. For a very good reason – the ruler almost never left his enormous palace!

In a nutshell

The Forbidden City, a gigantic rectangle 700 meters long with almost 10,000 rooms, was the Emperor’s main living quarters.

3
The porcelain of Jingdezhen

To supply the Forbidden City with crockery and vases, the Ming Emperors founded an imperial factory in Jingdezhen, a town reputed for its production of china.  When the china was for the Court, there was no end to the potters’ talent.

 

That is how decorative techniques developed more than ever under the Ming dynasty. “Willow Pattern” china reached such heights of refinement that it was sold as far away as the Middle East!

Bowl with flower and bird decorations in blue under a transparent overglaze,
Ming dynasty, 1579-1620, blue and white porcelain, 3 x 5 inches, Hallwyl Museum, Stockholm. Photo: Hallwyl Museum / Jens Mohr, CC BY-SA 3.0
Plate with five-clawed dragon decorations,
Ming dynasty, 1522-1566, blue and white porcelain, Far-East Antiquity Museum, Stockholm
Box with inscriptions in Arabic,
Ming dynasty, 1506-1521, blue and white porcelain, Far-East Antiquity Museum, Stockholm
In a nutshell

The imperial china factory produced the famous “Willow Pattern” items so highly prized that they were sold as far away as the Middle East.

4
The different types of ceramics

Ceramics is one of the most ancient art forms in China.

But be careful not to mix up stoneware, terra cotta, and china!

Guardian of the tomb, Tang dynasty,
618-907, glazed terracotta in three colours (sancai), Cernuschi Museum, Paris. Photo: Jean-Pierre Dalbéra, CC BY 2.0

Terracotta

 

  • Creation of the piece from clay
  • Firing at 800°C (1472°F)
  • Application of a coating known as glazing to waterproof the piece
  • Second firing
Box with cover, Ming dynasty,
1368-1644, stoneware with white glazing, Los Angeles County Museum

Stoneware

 

  • Creation of the piece from fine clay
  • Application of a coating known as overglaze to waterproof the piece
  • Firing at 1200°C (2192° F)
  • The extra advantage: a much harder, finer piece
Vase with Eight Immortals decoration (Baxian), Jingdezhen, China, Ming dynasty
1573-1620, porcelain turned with superimposed transparent blue glazing and with painted enamel decoration (doucai), Los Angeles County Museum of Art

Porcelain

 

  • Creation of the piece from kaolin (very pure white clay) and porcelain stone
  • Application of a coating known as overglaze to waterproof the piece
  • Firing at 1350°C (2462°F)
  • The extra advantage: a very brilliant white piece which lets the light through
In a nutshell

By varying the temperature and raw material, different types of ceramics may be obtained: terra cotta, stoneware, or china.

5
The Ming Emperors’ tombs

The Emperors of the Ming Dynasty had big ideas for more than just their palaces!

 

Their tombs were not left out either. We should point out that they emulated the Imperial Homes. 

 

As was the case for the Forbidden City, a  wall enclosed several buildings in succession, lined up North to South, right up to a hill where the bodies of the Emperor and Empress were buried.

Stele Pavilion, Changling Mausoleum of Emperor Yongle,
Peking. Photo: Kandukuru Nagarjun, CC BY 2.0
In a nutshell

The Ming tombs had the same layout as the Forbidden City.

In summary, you have discovered:

  • The Ming Emperor Yongle
  • The Forbidden City
  • The porcelain of Jingdezhen
  • The different types of ceramics
  • The Ming Emperors’ tombs
To train

Emperor Ming Yongle moved the capital to…

You have to choose an answer

The Forbidden City in Peking contains…

You have to choose an answer

The ships sent by Emperor Ming Yongle in the 15th century went as far as…

You have to choose an answer