1
Clichés about the Middle Ages
Welcome to the Middle Ages!

The belief that the Middle Ages were a dark and gruesome time is not true. There’s nothing sombre about this 1,000-year-long period. As the “funny bits” in the manuscripts show us, mediaeval creators did not lack imagination or humour.

 

As for the arts, we will now focus on 4 key periods:

Saddle up and let’s go!

In a nutshell

There are a lot of unjustified negative clichés about the Middle Ages (which are said to be dirty and violent).

In summary, you have discovered:

  • The Edo era
  • Edo becomes Tôkyô
  • The armour
  • Etching
  • Hokusai, 36 views of mount fuji
To train

Before it became the capital in 1603, the future city of Tokyo was…

You have to choose an answer

During the Edo era, armour became …

You have to choose an answer

The Artist Hokusai is especially known for his representations…

You have to choose an answer

You have opened the final quiz on Asian art, on your way to your Art Explora certificate.

Final Quiz

It’s your turn now!

Answer these 12 questions to check your knowledge. You need to get 10 correct answers to receive your badge.

But there’s no need to panic: if you fail, you can always try again later.

take the quiz
5
Hokusai, 36 views of mount fuji

Hokusai, the artist, was one of the most famous Masters of this technique. One of his many masterpieces stands out as he is particularly famous for it today – his series of 36 Views of Mount Fuji, a sacred mountain in Japan.

 

The etching technique, both simple and inexpensive, meant that his works were distributed on a large scale: they have even inspired European artists!

Hokusai, The Great Wave off Kanagawa, “Thirty-six views of Mount Fuji”(Fugaku sanjû-rokkei),
1829-1833, Japanese engraving, 10 x 14.5 inches
Hokusai, Asakusa Hongan-ji temple in the Eastern capital [Edo], “Thirty-six views of Mount Fuji” (Fugaku sanjû-rokkei),
1829-1833, colour engraving on wood, 10 x 14.5 inches
Hokusai, Asakusa Hongan-ji temple in the Eastern capital [Edo], “Thirty-six views of Mount Fuji” (Fugaku sanjû-rokkei),
1829-1833, colour engraving on wood, 10 x 14.5 inches
Henri Rivière, The Eiffel Tower, 36 views of the Eiffel Tower,
1902, Lithography in 5 colours
In a nutshell

Hokusai, the famous etching Master, has left us many masterpieces, including the famous series of 36 Views of Mount Fuji.

4
Etching
Utagawa Hiroshige, The sanctuary of Gion covered in snow,
1837-1838, engraving, National Museum of Asian Art – Guimet Museum, Paris. Photo: Jean-Pierre Dalbéra, CC BY 2.0

If there was one technique that was crowned with success during the Edo period, it was etching!

Using woodcutting and multicolour printing, two Chinese inventions, it usually takes several people to execute it. This is how it’s done:

Hokusai, Honjo Tatekawa, the timberyard at Honjo, “Thirty-six views of Mount Fuji” (Fugaku sanjû-rokkei),
1829-1833, Japanese engraving, 10 x 14.5 inches
In a nutshell

Etching was developed during the Edo period.

3
The armour
During the Edo era, peace was restored to Japan.

We have to say that for several centuries, the country had been torn apart by battles between different lords, who were known as daimyos. It was these lords who sent the samurais into battle.

 

This did not, however, mean that their armour disappeared, far from it! Thanks to the talent of the artisans who designed it, it became more and more spectacular. From then on, their owners would put them on display in their homes like works of art, to show their wealth and prestige.

Gusoky armour with domaru breastplate and violet susogo-style lacing,
19th century, Edo period, Tokyo National Museum. Photo: Tokyo National Museum, CC BY-4.0
In a nutshell

When peace was restored, the pieces of armour became impressive works of art, demonstrating how wealthy their owners were.

2
Edo becomes Tôkyô

Kyôto

 

  • The Emperor’s place of residence
  • Capital from the 8th to the 19th centuries

Edo

 

  • The Shogun’s place of residence from the 17th century
  • It took on the name of Tokyo in the 19th century and became the official capital
In a nutshell

Edo, the Shogun’s place of residence; became the official capital of Japan during the 19th century, with the name Tokyo.

1
The Edo era
What was the Edo period all about?

In the past, the Japanese leader was known as the Shogun. As for the Emperor, his role was simply symbolic and religious. 

 

When he came to power in 1603, Shogun Tokugawa leyasu decided not to live in Kyoto, the capital. Instead, he set up the centre of political power in a little village near the sea – Edo. Today this village, renamed Tokyo during the 19th century, has the world’s largest population!

Japan map
In a nutshell

In 1603, the Shogun set up operations in a little village called Edo.

In summary, you have discovered:

  • The Ming Emperor Yongle
  • The Forbidden City
  • The porcelain of Jingdezhen
  • The different types of ceramics
  • The Ming Emperors’ tombs
To train

Emperor Ming Yongle moved the capital to…

You have to choose an answer

The Forbidden City in Peking contains…

You have to choose an answer

The ships sent by Emperor Ming Yongle in the 15th century went as far as…

You have to choose an answer

5
The Ming Emperors’ tombs

The Emperors of the Ming Dynasty had big ideas for more than just their palaces!

 

Their tombs were not left out either. We should point out that they emulated the Imperial Homes. 

 

As was the case for the Forbidden City, a  wall enclosed several buildings in succession, lined up North to South, right up to a hill where the bodies of the Emperor and Empress were buried.

Stele Pavilion, Changling Mausoleum of Emperor Yongle,
Peking. Photo: Kandukuru Nagarjun, CC BY 2.0
In a nutshell

The Ming tombs had the same layout as the Forbidden City.

4
The different types of ceramics

Ceramics is one of the most ancient art forms in China.

But be careful not to mix up stoneware, terra cotta, and china!

Guardian of the tomb, Tang dynasty,
618-907, glazed terracotta in three colours (sancai), Cernuschi Museum, Paris. Photo: Jean-Pierre Dalbéra, CC BY 2.0

Terracotta

 

  • Creation of the piece from clay
  • Firing at 800°C (1472°F)
  • Application of a coating known as glazing to waterproof the piece
  • Second firing
Box with cover, Ming dynasty,
1368-1644, stoneware with white glazing, Los Angeles County Museum

Stoneware

 

  • Creation of the piece from fine clay
  • Application of a coating known as overglaze to waterproof the piece
  • Firing at 1200°C (2192° F)
  • The extra advantage: a much harder, finer piece
Vase with Eight Immortals decoration (Baxian), Jingdezhen, China, Ming dynasty
1573-1620, porcelain turned with superimposed transparent blue glazing and with painted enamel decoration (doucai), Los Angeles County Museum of Art

Porcelain

 

  • Creation of the piece from kaolin (very pure white clay) and porcelain stone
  • Application of a coating known as overglaze to waterproof the piece
  • Firing at 1350°C (2462°F)
  • The extra advantage: a very brilliant white piece which lets the light through
In a nutshell

By varying the temperature and raw material, different types of ceramics may be obtained: terra cotta, stoneware, or china.